植物自身的生理结构和蒸腾作用等生命特征,使其具有独特的光学和红外特征.在光学波段由于叶绿素和水分的共同作用,植物叶片在550,680,1 400和1 900 nm等波长附近形成了明显的光谱反射特征变化;在红外波段由于植被蒸腾作用的驱动,使其具备主动调节自身温度的功能,红外特征异于人工材料;基于此提出了一种模拟植物光学和红外特征的仿生材料设计制备方法.在绿色植物光学和红外特性及其形成机理分析基础上,进行了植物仿生材料的组分设计和热传导过程分析,完成了材料传热控制方程建立和结构参数确定.利用水分吸附脱附材料、光学颜料等人工材料,确定了基于光学和红外特征模拟的植物仿生材料制备方法.以聚乙烯醇材料作为植物仿生材料的成型物质和水分吸脱附材料,以铬绿、大分子黄等光学颜料作为材料着色剂,采用化学铸膜方法制备了植物仿生材料薄膜,并进行了实际测试验证.吸脱附测试表明:一定厚度植物仿生材料样品吸附量可达1.3 kg·m-2,可满足材料日蒸腾耗水量的要求;光学和红外模拟效果测试表明:植物仿生材料在光学波段(380～2 500 nm),特别是1 400和1 900 nm波长附近植物水吸收波段)内能够较好模拟植被的光谱反射特性,且具有与绿色植物相似的红外辐射日周期变化趋势,与绿色植物的日平均辐射温差为0.37 ℃,最大温差0.9 ℃,其仿生和蒸腾过程模拟效果明显。

Due to the life characteristics such as physiological structure and transpiration,plants have unique optical and infrared features.In the optical band,because of the common effects of chlorophyll and water,plant leafs show spectral reflectance characteristics change in 550,680,1 400 and 1 900 nm significantly.In the infrared wave band,driven by transpiration,plants could regulate temperature on their own initiative,which make the infrared characteristics of plants different from artificial materials.So palnt bionic materials were proposed to simulate optical and infrared characteristics of plants.By analyzing formation mechanism of optical and infrared features about green plants,the component design and heat-transfer process of plants bionic materials were studied,above these the heat-transfer control formulation was established.Based on water adsorption/release compound,optical pigments and other man-made materials,plant bionic materials preparation methods were designed which could simulate the optical and infrared features of green plants.By chemical casting methods plant bionic material films were prepared,which use polyvinyl alcohol as film forming and water adsorption/release compound,and use optical pigments like chrome green and macromolecule yellow as colouring materials.The research conclusions achieved by testings figured out:water adsorption/release testing showed that the plant bionic materials with a certain thickness could absorb 1.3 kg water per square meter,which could satisfy the water usage of transpiration simulation one day;the optical and infrared simulated effect tests indicated that the plant bionic materials could preferably simulate the spectral reflective performance of green plants in optical wave band(380～2 500 nm,expecially in 1 400 and 1 900 nm which were water absorption wave band of plants),and also it had similar daily infrared radiation variations with green plants,daily average radiation temperature difference was 0.37 ℃,maximum radiation temperature difference was 0.9 ℃;so according to the testing results,the materials behave well plant bionic performance.