近年来环境污染越来越受到人们的关注，而作为一种重要的环境污染物及危险品，三硝基苯酚(TNP)相关的检测技术研究较少。使用拉曼光谱及表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)的方法，研究了TNP 的拉曼光谱及其振动模式，判定TNP 的拉曼特征峰，并使用金、银两种溶胶纳米颗粒作为SERS 基底，研究了TNP 的SERS 光谱。实验发现对于TNP而言，金溶胶是更为合适的SERS 基底，能够明显增强拉曼光谱信号，而银溶胶作为SERS 基底时TNP 的拉曼光谱信号没有明显增强。研究还发现使用金溶胶基底进行SERS 实验时，表面增强拉曼光谱信号基本与TNP 样品浓度成线性关系，这对于进一步的定量检测和复杂体系的物质识别具有重要意义。

In recent years, there is growing concern for the environment pollution. Trinitrophenol (TNP), an important environmental pollutant and dangerous substance, is rarely studied for its detection. Raman spectra and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method are used to study TNP for its Raman characteristic peaks and vibration modes. SERS spectra of TNP are studied by using gold and silver colloidal nanoparticles as SERS substrate. It is found that the gold colloidal nanoparticles are suitable SERS substrate which can significantly enhance Raman signal of TNP. However, it is ineffective to use silver colloidal nanoparticles. The experimental results show that it is basically linear relationship between the concentration of TNP sample and its SERS signal when gold colloidal nanoparticles are used as the SERS substrate. It is of great significance for further quantitative detection and identification of substances in complex systems.