分析与综述了当前高光谱遥感岩矿识别研究的进展。论述了岩矿光谱特征的作用机理以及岩矿光谱的特征测量与分析方法。归纳和总结了目前以及未来几年可用于岩矿识别的高光谱遥感探测器件和仪器的特点。对基于光谱吸收特征、完全波形匹配和混合像元分解的3类岩矿识别方法进行了归纳与对比, 重点介绍了近年来这类技术的重要成果以及研究热点。最后, 从理论、数据、方法以及应用4个方面对当前高光谱遥感岩矿识别面临的主要问题和发展趋势进行了剖析。作者认为, 高光谱遥感岩矿识别的整体发展趋势为定性识别向定量化分析发展, 在此发展过程中, 混合光谱模型的建立与解混、面向岩矿识别的新型高光谱传感器的研制、岩矿信息提取的智能化以及复杂地质环境下的岩矿识别将成为研究的主要方向。

This paper reviews the current progress of mineral identification based on hyperspectral remote sensing. The physicochemical mechanisms of mineral spectra and their feature measurement and analysis are introduced. The properties of current and future main hyperspectral sensors are concluded. Then, three series of methods (based on spectral absorption feature, full spectral profile matching, and spectral unmixing, respectively) for mineral identification based on hyperspectral data sets are comparatively analyzed and summarized. Finally, the main problems of mineral identification by using hyperspectral data on theory, data sets, methods and applications, are analyzed and its developing trends are discussed. It points out that the trend will focus on the direction from the qualitative identification to the quantitative mineral analysis. During this trend, spectral unmixing, the design of new hyperspectral sensors for mineral identification, intellectualization of mineral information extraction, and mineral identification in a complex geological environment will be the main research focuses.