引力波是爱因斯坦广义相对论的重要预言,引力波探测是当代物理学最重要的前沿领域之一。以引力波探测为基础的引力波天文学是一门新兴的交叉科学,是对传统电磁辐射天文学的巨大拓展与补充。作为一种大型的精密光学仪器并作为引力波天文学研究的关键设备,激光干涉仪引力波探测器已在世界各地蓬勃发展起来,开辟了引力波探测的新时代。给出了激光干涉仪引力波探侧器的工作原理和基本光学结构,讨论了主要的性能参数,分析了光学镜的结构特点及测量方法。

The existence of gravitational wave is the greatest predictions of Einstein’s theory of general relativity. The detection of gravitational wave is one of the important frontier sciences of physics. The gravitational wave astronomy based on the detection of gravitational wave is a new interdisciplinary science. It is a big complimentary and expanding of traditional electro-magnetic astronomy. As a high precision optical instrument and the key equipment of gravitational wave astronomy,laser interferometer gravitational detectors are developing very quickly in the world. It opened a new era of gravitational wave detection. The basic optical structure of laser interferometer gravitational detector and its main parameters have been discussed. The characteristics of mirrors and the measurement method for their parameters have been introduced.