介电晶体光波导结合了波导紧凑型的结构和介电晶体的诸多优异性质，在集成光子学中具有广泛的应用。飞秒激光直写是一种有效的三维微纳精细加工技术，可以在多种透明光学材料中实现基于波导结构的微小型光子学器件的制备。综述了利用飞秒激光直写晶体/陶瓷材料光波导的制备、表征以及应用，并展望了飞秒激光写入晶体光波导研究的未来发展方向。

Dielectric crystalline waveguides, with the combination of compact geometry of waveguides and astonishing properties of crystals, have developed as one of the unique platforms for versatile miniature and integrated photonic applications. Femtosecond-laser direct writing is one of the most efficient techniques for three-dimensional microfabrication of miniature photonic devices based on waveguiding structures in transparent optical materials. Focused on crystalline dielectric materials, the state-of-the-art in the fabrication, characterization and applications of femtosecond laser micromachined waveguiding structures in optical crystals and ceramics is reviewed. A brief outlook is presented by focusing on a few potential spotlights.