基于太阳能电池的一般理论模型，通过对太阳能电池的I-V 方程在短路点、最大功率点、开路点处进行一阶求导，构造代数方程组。根据光伏组件厂商提供的标准测试条件下的技术参数(短路电流、开路电压、最大功率点电流和电压等)，采用遗传算法，求解5 参量模型中的光生电流、反向饱和电流、等效串联电阻、等效并联电阻和理想因子等参数。与牛顿迭代法相比，遗传算法得到的结果稳定性和精确性更好，模拟结果的相对误差在2%左右。同时，针对Matlab 仿真环境，构建了光伏组件的仿真模拟器，可以对任意环境温度、太阳辐射强度下光伏组件的输出特性进行仿真实验，对光伏发电系统研究人员来说，具有很好的实用参考价值。

Based on the general theoretical model of solar cell, algebraic equations are constructed by means of the derivative of the short circuit, maximum power point and open circuit of photovoltaic (PV) module. Using parameters, such as short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, current and voltage at maximum power, given by PV manufacturer at standard test condition, five model parameters (photo current, diode saturation current, series resistance, parallel resistance, ideality factor) can be simulated by genetic algorithm. Compared with Newton iterative method, genetic algorithm can give more accurate and stable simulation results, and the relative error is about 2%. Also, PV module simulator operated in Matlab environment is constructed, and it can simulate the electric characterization of PV module in arbitrary solar radiation and temperature, which is helpful to PV systems researchers.