光谱学与光谱分析, 2015, 35 (9): 2492, 网络出版: 2016-01-25   

应用多种光学分析技术对一批河南出土古代玉器的无损分析

The Non-Destructive Analysis of Some Ancient Jade Artifacts Unearthed from Henan Province by a Variety of Optical Techniques
作者单位
1 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所科技考古中心, 上海201800
2 复旦大学光科学与工程系, 上海200433
3 河南省文物考古研究院, 河南 郑州450000
摘要
综合利用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(pXRF)、 激光Raman光谱仪(便携式和可移动式)以及光学相干层析成像(OCT)技术, 对河南出土的14件东周玉器进行无损分析测试。 pXRF和便携式微型Raman光谱仪(miniRaman)能够准确、 快速的识别玉器的原材料和物相。 且这两台仪器操作简单、 体积小, 可用于做现场原位、 无损分析。 根据pXRF检测结果, 这批玉器按成分可分为富硅铝钾、 富钙、 富硅、 富硅镁、 富硅钙和富钙磷6大类。 通过miniRaman快速地鉴定出这批样品的主要物相。 在实验室里, 使用可移动式共焦激光Raman光谱仪, 可以弥补便携式微型Raman光谱仪在光谱分辨率、 测量精度以及测量范围等方面的不足。 利用共焦激光Raman光谱仪, 检测到透闪石型玉器中[OH]根的Raman振动峰。 OCT技术可以分析玉器材质的透明度、 纤维粗细程度、 包裹体分布等亚表面特征。 将共焦激光Raman光谱仪与OCT分析仪有机结合分析了两件含包裹体的透闪石玉器样品, OCT图像可以直观地展示这两件样品中的包裹体分布特征, 而共焦激光Raman光谱仪可以准确定位样品表面的包裹体, 进行显微形貌观察及其物相分析, 结果表明黑色的包裹体为石墨, 这对玉器的产地溯源研究具有重要意义。 通过研究发现, 利用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪, 激光Raman光谱仪和光学相干层析成像技术 , 可以实现对文物样品的物相组成和质地特征进行初步鉴别和分析, 满足考古工作的现场基础分析要求。
Abstract
A total of 14 pieces of ancient jade artifact unearthed from Henan Province were non-destructively analyzed by means of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF), laser Raman spectroscopy (portable and mobile) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology, comprehensively. The raw materials of ancient jade artifacts could be determined accurately through the combination of pXRF and portable Raman spectrometer in a short time. With the advantages of small size and easy-operation, these two instruments are suitable to in situ non-destructive analysis of ancient jade artifacts. The results of the pXRF shows that these ancient jade artifacts can be divided into 6 categories such as rich in Si Al K, rich in Ca, rich in Si Ca, rich in Si Mg, rich in Si, rich in Ca P. Their main phases have been successfully identified by the portable Raman spectrometer. In the lab, the mobile confocal laser Raman spectrometer, which help us find the Raman vibration peak of [OH] in the tremolite jade, is used to make up the disadvantages of the portable Raman spectrometer such as lower spectral resolution, lower accuracy and narrower measuring range. We can use the OCT to analyze the transparency, fiber fineness and inclusion etc. of the jade artifacts. The confocal laser Raman spectroscopy combined with OCT is used to analyze 2 containing inclusion of tremolite jade samples. OCT image can visually display the distribution characteristics of the inclusion in these 2 samples. Confocal laser Raman spectroscopy can accurately locate the sample surface of inclusion, then we can observe the micro morphology and analyze its phase. The results show that the black inclusion is graphite. This work is very significant to study the geographical origin of jade. Through the study we find, the use of pXRF, laser Raman spectroscopy (portable and mobile) and OCT can be achieved on the identification and analysis of cultural relic’s phase composition and texture feature and meet the basic requirements of field archaeological work analysis.

王凯, 董俊卿, 赵虹霞, 干福熹, 胡永庆, 樊温泉. 应用多种光学分析技术对一批河南出土古代玉器的无损分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2015, 35(9): 2492. WANG Kai, DONG Jun-qing, ZHAO Hong-xia, GAN Fu-xi, HU Yong-qing, FAN Wen-quan. The Non-Destructive Analysis of Some Ancient Jade Artifacts Unearthed from Henan Province by a Variety of Optical Techniques[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2015, 35(9): 2492.

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