为研究大型望远镜薄镜面主动光学的核心技术，以600 mm望远镜为缩比系统，采用高精度标准轴承设计了具有快速装调、高互换性和便于维护等特点的俯仰-方位轴系结构。俯仰轴系由向心角接触球轴承构成，方位轴系由推力球轴承和双列圆柱滚子轴承构成。采用有限元软件Patran仿真得到了系统的前三阶固有频率和振型。分析了影响轴系回转精度的误差源，采用谐波理论对轴系误差测量结果进行了处理，得到俯仰轴系晃动误差为4.2″，方位轴系晃动误差为9.3″。望远镜在外场观星试验中得到了比较理想的成像效果，验证了轴系结构设计的合理性和正确性，并为中小型望远镜高精度轴系的研制提供了设计依据和技术途径。

An alt-azimuth shafting structure with high precision standard bearings was designed for a 600 mm scaled down model telescope system, which is for studying the large telescope thin mirror active optics technology. It has more benefits including quick installation and adjusting, high interchangeability, and easy maintenance. The altitude shafting is consisted of a pair of radial angular contact ball bearings. The azimuth shafting is consisted of thrust ball bearing and double-row cylinder roller bearing. The lowest three order natural frequencies and the modes were resolved by the finite element simulation software Patran. The error sources were analyzed, which are mainly affecting the shafting rotating accuracy. The measuring results were processed by harmonic theory and it shows good performance in the altitude shafting wobble error of 4.2″, and the azimuth shafting wobble error of 9.3″. Desirable imaging was got in the stars observing test at the testing field. The design can prove reliability of the shafting structure, and offer a reliable guidance and advanced path for developing the high precision shafting of medium and small sized telescope.