为研究具备不同偏振特性的目标对水下主动偏振成像系统分辨率的影响，设计了一套基于LED 辅助照明的偏振成像实验系统。该系统在LED 光源和成像设备前加入高偏振消光比的偏振光学元件，并使用两种不同表面偏振特性的目标，实现对水下环境的成像系统的特征图像获取。再利用倾斜刃边法处理实验图像，提取调制传递函数(MTF)。通过比较不同实验环境下，正交偏振成像和偏振差分成像的MTF 值，得出偏振技术有助于抑制水下主动成像系统的前向散射光，提高系统整体分辨率的结论。针对不同性质的目标，应使用恰当的处理方式来获得高分辨率的图像。同时，该结论对线偏振和圆偏振照明条件皆适用。

In order to study the influence of targets with various polarization properties on resolution of active polarization imaging system, an experimental polarization imaging system with LED source is designed. The optical elements with high polarization extinction ratio are placed before the LED source and imaging devices. Two targets with different surface polarization properties are applied in the system. The image of imaging system for underwater environment is obtained. The experimental images are processed with inclined edge method and the modulation transfer function (MTF) is extracted. Comparing MTF results in various experimental environments using orthogonal imaging and polarization difference imaging, the conclusion is obtained that polarization technique is beneficial to suppress the forward scattered light and enhance resolution of the system. For different targets, the proper processes are applied to obtain high resolution images. Meanwhile, the conclusion is appropriate for both of linear and circular polarization illuminations.