由于衍射极限的存在，在亚波长尺度实现对光的调制一直是光学研究的难点。近年来，随着微加工技术的进步，基于表面等离子体和纳米天线的金属亚波长结构光调制器件有望成为解决这一难题的有效途径之一，然而该类光调制器件目前还很难实现外部调制。石墨烯是近年来被广泛研究的一种新型材料，其独特的二维蜂巢晶格和能带结构，使其具有外部可调的光学性质，因此，有望借助石墨烯材料实现金属亚波长结构光调制器的外部调制。主要介绍了结合石墨烯和金属微纳结构的光调制器的最新研究进展。

It′s difficult to achieve the optical modulation in subwavelength scale, because of the diffraction limit. In recent years, with the progress of micro-nano fabrication technology, optical modulators based on surface and metal subwavelength of nano- antenna array is expected to be one of the effective ways to solve this problem. However, those optical modulators are still difficult to achieve external modulation. Graphene is a new material which has been extensively studied in recent years, it has an optical property of externally modulation because of its unique two-dimensional honeycomb lattice and band structure. Therefore, it is expected to achieve external modulation of ametallic subwavelength optical modulator with the help of graphene material. This paper describes the latest progress of the optical modulators based on composite structures of graphene and metal micro-nano structures.