：本文以铝粉作为功能填料，分别与水性聚氨酯和溶剂型聚氨酯配合制备了红外低发射率隐身涂层，并采用红外光谱、扫描电镜等手段测试了涂层的力学性能、耐溶剂性能和法向红外发射率性能。结果表明，两种功能涂层在力学性能和耐溶剂性能方面性能相当。水性涂层在3～5 μm 和8～14 μm 窗口内发射率分别为0.33 和0.52，高于溶剂型涂层的0.32 和0.39；涂层的发射率随着铝粉粒径的增大而降低，当粒径约为45 μm 时，涂层的红外发射率可降至0.34@3～5 μm 和0.42@8～14 μm，这与溶剂型聚氨酯涂层的发射率相当。因此，采用水性聚氨酯替代溶剂型聚氨酯制备低污染性、环境友好的红外隐身涂层是有可能的。

In this paper, the low infrared emissivity coatings are prepared by adding aluminium powder as a functional filler to two components of water-borne polyurethane and solvent-borne polyurethane respectively. The mechanical properties, the solvent resistance property and the infrared emissivity of the coatings are investigated with infrared spectrums and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that mechanical properties and resistance to liquids of such two kinds of coatings are equal. The infrared emissivity of water-borne polyurethane coatings with aluminium powder is 0.33@3～5 μm and 0.52@8～ 14 μm, while the coatings of solvent-borne polyurethane is 0.32 and 0.39; the infrared emissivity of coatings decreases with sizes of aluminium powder increase；when the size of aluminium powder is 45 μm, the infrared emissivity of the coatings is 0.341 and 0.421, which is equal to the solvent-borne polyurethane coatings. Therefore, the low pollution and environmentally friendly properties of water-borne polyurethane probably make it be alternative to the solvent-borne polyurethane for preparing the low infrared emissivity coatings.