针对大型装备装配过程中的大尺寸空间角测量问题, 提出一种基于惯性基准的大尺寸空间角测量方法并且设计了相应的测量系统。该测量系统利用自准直原理获取被测轴线方向, 通过内部陀螺仪和编码器测量被测轴线在惯性坐标系中的单位向量坐标, 然后根据每个被测轴线在公共基准内的单位向量坐标值实现空间角的计算。建立了大尺寸空间角测量的数学模型, 并对测量系统的测量不确定度进行分析和计算。最后搭建了测量系统的原理样机并利用原理样机在实验室进行了模拟测量实验。实验结果表明, 原理样机的实际测量误差为14”, 满足了测量精度的要求。该方法采用惯性空间作为公共测量基准, 有效地解决了测量大尺寸空间角时测量基准难以建立和传递的难题, 使得测量过程更加灵活、高效。

For measuring a large-scale spatial angle during large equipment assembly, a large spatial angle measurement method based on an inertial reference was proposed and a corresponding measurement system was designed. On the basis of auto-collimation principle, a two-dimensional galvanometer was used in the measurement system to aim the direction of measured axis. A gyroscope and a photoelectric encoder were adopted to measure the vector coordinates of each measured axis in inertial coordinate system. Then, the spatial angle between measured axes was calculated by their vector coordinates in the public reference. The mathematical model of large-scale spatial angle measurement was built and the measurement uncertainty of the measurement system was analyzed and calculated. Finally 14″, a prototype was established and the simulated measurement experiment was carried out by the prototype in laboratory. Experimental results show that the measurement error is , which meets the requirements of large-scale spatial angle measurement. The method overcomes difficulties that the measuring reference is difficult to be built and transmitted in measuring large-scale spatial angles and makes the measurement process more flexible and efficient.