研究广东省活禽市场外环境禽流感病毒污染状况并及时发现人流感发病潜在的危险因素, 为人流感防治提供科学参考依据。应用传染病技术监测平台信息管理系统数据, 采用描述性流行病学方法分析各种亚型病毒感染的流行病学特征, 研究2012-2015年广东省活禽市场外环境禽流感病毒污染。共采集检测广东省21个地市级样本33 079份, FluA总阳性率为24.23%, H5、H7和H9型高致病性禽流感病毒阳性率分别为3.70%、3.89%和13.53%; 除2012年阳性率呈现季节性增加外, 其他年份FluA核酸检测阳性率均在冬春季出现一个高峰。不同部位或地点采集的标本中, 宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面阳性率最高(FluA39.49%, H5 8.41%, H7 7.41%, H9 23.84%), 而采集的粪便标本阳性率最低(FluA14.99 % , H5 1.73%、H7 2.38%、和H9 7.23%); 所采集的标本所对应的相关动物种类中, 鸡(64.08%)、鸭(55.84 %)和鸟类(51.92%)的禽流感病毒阳性率都达到50%以上, H5、H7和H9在各禽类中均可以检出。同时发现, 在环境中检出H7亚型多的地区分布与其相应地区H7N9感染的病例数呈显著相关性, ( r=0.689, P＜0.05); 对2 322份样本进行H6亚型核酸检测, 总阳性率为2.58%, 并选取H5、H6和H9亚型标本153份进行N亚型检测, 检测出H5N1、H5N2、H5N6、H6N2 和H9N2等多种亚型。2012-2015年广东省21个地市活禽市场均存在HA 亚型(H5、H7、 H9和H6)和NA亚型(N1、N2、N6)等多种亚型的污染, 污染程度呈现季节性分布, 不同样本类型和禽类其禽流感病毒分状况不同, H7亚型的污染严重程度与H7N9的病例感染数呈正相关性。

Investigation of outer environment pollution for avian influenza virus from live poultry markets in Guangdong Province during 2012-2015 to discover potential human avian influenza incidence of risk factors and to provide scientific reference for the prevention and treatment of human avian influenza virus. Information management system data about infectious disease monitoring platform and descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze epidemiological features of various subtypes of virus from live poultry markets and to study outer environment pollution in Guangdong Province during 2012-2015. A total of 33 079 environmental samples were collected and tested from 2012 to 2015 in twenty-one cities, and the overall positive rate of avian influenza A virus was 24.23%. The positive rate of highly pathogenic H5、H7 and H9 viruses was 3.70%、3.89% and 13.53% respectively. Apart from the positive rate with the seasonal increase in 2012, the peak of FluA positive rate of emergence was in the spring and winter. Slaughter poultry chopping board surface had the highest positive rate (FluA 39.49%, H5 8.41%, H7 7.41%, H9 23.84%) of different parts or site specimens, while feces specimens had the lowest positive rate (FluA 14.99%, H5 1.73%, H7 2.38%, and H9 7.23%).Collecting specimens of related species, chicken (64.08%), duck (55.84%) and bird (51.92%), the positive rate of avian influenza virus is all above 50% and H5, H7 and H9 all can be checked out from related species. We also found that more regions distribution of H7 subtypes in the environment and the number of cases of corresponding regions H7N9 human infection have significant correlation (r=0.689, P<0.689). Selecting 2 322 samples to detect nucleic acid of H6 subtype, the total positive rate was 2.58%, at the same time, selecting 153 specimens about H5, H6 and H9 subtype to detect the N subtype, H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, H6N2 and H9N2 subtype scan be checked out. HA (H5 and H7 and H9 and H6) and NA subtypes (N1, N2, N6) and other subtypes were checked out in live poultry markets of twenty-one cities in Guangdong province from 2012 to 2015, and the pollution degree presented seasonal distribution. Different types of samples and poultry showed different distribution of the viruses, the degree of contamination of H7 subtypes had a positive correlation with the cases of human infection H7N9.