在非均匀湍流路径光束传输的研究中，设置合理的相位屏位置分布和数目尤为关键。在多层相位屏模型的基础上，建立了非均匀湍流路径下大气分层优化模型，结合两层相位屏的光束传输算例，在Hufnagel-Valley 5/7大气湍流廓线模型下，分别计算了相应的大气离散分层边界与相位屏的最优分布位置，并引入相应的最大Rytov判据。根据等菲涅耳数、等湍流效应和几何尺度缩比原则，计算了具体光束传输缩比实验参数，对比分析了光强起伏概率密度分布和相位结构函数的理论值与实验值。研究结果表明：不同天顶角下光强起伏概率密度分布实验拟合与理论曲线整体分布趋势一致，且呈现出对数正态分布的趋势；光强起伏的经验累积分布实验与理论曲线趋势保持一致，说明概率密度分布曲线拟合程度较好；而在所关注的低频区域，相位结构函数的实验曲线与理论曲线虽然存在一定的偏差，但其整体趋势仍然保持一致，且近似服从5/3幂律规律。

To set the reasonable position distribution and the number of phase screens are crucial in the research on beam propagation along inhomogeneous turbulent path. A multilayer atmospheric optimization model is constructed based on the multilayer phase-screen model. Combined with an example of light propagation in two-layer phase-screen model, both the boundary of atmospheric layers and the optimal position of phase screen are calculated under the condition of Hufnagel-Valley 5/7 atmospheric turbulence profile model. And the maximization of Rytov criterion in the two-layer phase screen model is introduced as well. The specific experimental parameters of the above-mentioned model are calculated according to the principles of equal Fresnel number, equal turbulence effect and reduced-scale principle. The experimental and the theoretical data on the probability density distribution of intensity fluctuation and the phase structure function are compared and analyzed. The results show that the trend of intensity fluctuation under different zenith angles is consistent with the lognormal distribution, and the empirical cumulative distribution function of intensity fluctuation in the experiment agrees basically with theoretical results, which indicates that the curve of its probability density distribution has a good fit degree. Although some errors exist in the phase structure functions between test results and theoretical calculation results in the low frequency region, it can be seen that the structure function still approximates a 5/3 power law.