海面的激光散射特性是制约激光雷达对低空飞行器进行探测与识别的关键因素之一.模拟超低空状态, 通过人工造波池模拟不同海情的海面, 采用激光散射测量装置在典型海情下近距离海面获取了激光后向散射数据；采用网格化分割海面, 根据Pierson-Moscowitz谱构建了三维时变海面几何模型, 利用Torrance-Sparrow模型模拟分析海面的近距离激光后向散射特性.测量和仿真数据表明：实测与仿真结果一致, 海面的激光散射受海面几何波形调制；其强度随擦地角增大而增大；由于海面的随机起伏, 海面散射极大值存在较大范围波动, 并且波动随擦地角减小而增大.

The characteristic of laser scattering of sea surface is one of the key factors which restrict the laser radar to detect and recognize the artificial flying objects near sea surface. To simulate the state of super-low-altitude and by constructing an artificial indoor tank with wave makers to simulate the real sea surface with diffrient conditions, the data of laser back scattering from the near water surface in typical wave conditions was attained. The sea surface was modelled as a regular grid and the height of grid was derived by using the PM spectrum, the back scattering intensity of each sea surface grid was calculated based on the Torrance-Sparrow model, the back scattering characteristic of the near sea surface irradiated by laser was analysed. The experiment and simulation results are in good agreement with each other and show that, the characteristic of laser back scattering of near sea surface is strongly related with the stochastic distribution of sea waves and its intensity has the performance of the stochastic distribution with the sea surface, the intensity of scattering increases with the increasing of grazing angle. Because of the random fluctuation of sea, the maxium of scattering data fluctuates in a large range and the fluctuation values also increase with the increasing of grazing angle.