超材料吸收器由金属谐振腔、电介质层和金属底层平面这3部分组成。利用阻抗匹配原理或多次反射干涉理论可以定性或定量地解释超材料结构对入射的电磁波在某一共振吸收峰出现完美吸收的原因。然而，当超材料的结构参数一旦确定，就只能在特定的共振频率产生完美吸收。因此，如何调制超材料吸收器的吸收频率以及吸收强度引起了人们的广泛关注。近些年来，本课题组研究了如何实现超材料吸收器的动态调制。在此基础之上，综述几种可以有效地调制太赫兹超材料吸收的方法，包括改变中间电介质层的厚度、调节金属底层平面的电导率或在金属谐振腔的开口处添加光敏半导体材料，并对太赫兹超材料的吸收调制的发展前景进行了展望。

The metamaterial absorber consists of metallic resonator, dielectric layer and metallic ground plane. Using impedance matching theory or multi-reflection interference theory can explain why the metamaterial structure can absorb the incident waves perfectly at one specific resonance absorption peak, qualitatively or quantitatively. However, metamaterial structure can only absorb incident waves perfectly at a specific frequency once the structure parameters are fixed. Therefore, methods to obtain tunable metamaterial absorbers have attracted widespread attention. In recent years, the author′s team has focused on how to achieve the dynamic modulation of metamaterial absorber. Based on this, the ways to modulate the absorption of terahertz metamaterial absorber are reviewed, including varying the dielectric layer thickness, modulating the conductivity of ground plane, and adding photoconductive materials to the gaps of the metallic resonator. A brief outlook is presented by focusing on the absorption modulation of terahertz metamaterial.