野生近缘种在丰富种质资源以及改善栽培物种品质产量方面具有十分重要的意义和作用。 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱对三七及其野生近缘种亲缘关系进行探讨, 以期为三七的品种改良及种质资源开发利用提供理论基础。 采集三七及其4个野生近缘种（珠子参、 屏边三七、 越南人参、 羽叶三七）、 三七总皂苷标准品红外光谱, 将三七及其野生近缘种红外光谱进行自动基线校正、 平滑、 纵坐标归一化、 二阶导数预处理, 结合主成分分析、 偏最小二乘判别分析及系统聚类分析进行亲缘关系研究。 结果显示, 三七与三七总皂苷标准品红外光谱在3 400, 2 930, 1 635, 1 385, 1 075, 927 cm-1等附近存在多个共有峰, 推测这些共有峰强度与皂苷含量之间有一定关系; 三七及其野生近缘种原始光谱较为相似, 存在C—H, CO, O—H, C—N, C—O等官能团吸收峰, 不同物种的二阶导数红外光谱指纹区（1 800～500 cm-1）具有较大差异, 如1 385和784 cm-1等特征吸收峰差异明显; 选取指纹区光谱数据进行主成分分析、 偏最小二乘判别分析, 通过比对两种方法的3D得分图, 偏最小二乘判别分析对物种的区分效果优于主成分分析; 前6个主成分数据的系统聚类分析表明, 三七与越南人参、 珠子参亲缘关系较近, 与屏边三七、 羽叶三七亲缘关系较远。 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱结合化学计量学的方法能有效对三七及其野生近缘种进行亲缘关系分析, 同时为药用植物种质资源相关研究提供借鉴与参考。

Wild relatives play a very important role in enriching germplasm resources and improving the quality and yield of cultivated species. In this paper, the genetic relationship between Panax notoginseng and its wild relatives has been investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to provide theoretical bases in the variety improvement of P. notoginseng as well as the development and utilization of germplasm resources. The FTIR spectra of P. notoginseng and its wild relatives (P. japonicus var. major, P. stipuleanatus, P. vietnamensis, P. japonicus var. bipinnatifidus) as well as Panax notoginsenosides were collected. The original infrared spectra of P. notoginseng and its wild relatives were pretreated by automatic baseline correction, smoothing, ordinate normalization and second derivative. The genetic relationship between P. notoginseng and its wild relatives has been studied together with the aid of principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). By comparing the infrared spectra of P. notoginseng with that of panax notoginsenosides, some common peaks such as 3 400, 2 930, 1 635, 1 385, 1 075 and 927 cm-1 has been found. It showed that the peak heights of P. notoginseng samples may relate with the content of panax notoginsenosides. The original infrared spectra of P. notoginseng are similar to its wild relatives and the absorption peaks of the functional groups of C—H, CO, O—H, C—N and C—O were presented. There were some differences in the fingerprint region (1 800～500 cm-1) of the second derivative spectra of these five species samples. The characteristic absorption peaks such as 1 385 and 784 cm-1 has an obviously differentiation. Then the fingerprint region of second derivative spectra is subjected to be analyzed by PCA and PLS-DA. By comparing the 3D score plots of these two methods, the classification result of PLS-DA is significantly better than PCA. In addition, the result of HCA which based on the six principal components of PLS-DA has shown that P. japonicus var. major and P. vienamensis have close relationship with P. notoginseng while P. stipuleanatus and P. japonicus var. bipinnatifidus are far from P. notoginseng. The use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics methods could effectively investigate the genetic relationship between P. notoginseng and its wild relatives. Furthermore, it could provide reference for the research of medicinal plants.