针对空间遥感技术的迅速发展及其对空间探测精度需求的提高, 对研制更可行有效的超大口径空间光学遥感器的技术路线开展了研究。介绍了该领域已发射和计划发射的超大口径光学遥感器涉及的发展历史和结构特点, 以及它们的研究现状和应用领域, 主要包括整体式成像系统、分块可展开成像系统、光学干涉合成孔径成像系统和衍射成像系统等。分析对比了各种传感器的性能特点及现阶段的应用情况。最后, 考虑我国高分辨率、高成像质量空间光学遥感器的应用需求, 结合当前技术条件以及相关技术的发展趋势, 分别针对2~4 m大口径系统, 4~10 m超大口径系统和更大口径系统的成像需求提出了最佳解决方案。

For the rapid development of space remote sensing technology and the improvement of demand for space detection precision, this paper researches the more feasible and effective technological routes for ultra large aperture optical remote sensors. Several kinds of optical remote sensors that have been launched or planed are included, such as monolithic aperture imaging system, deployable segmented imaging system, interferometric synthetic aperture imaging system and diffractive imaging system. The research process, structure characteristics, developing states and application fields of the remote sensors are described. Details on the performance characteristics and application situations of various sensors are discussed in later sections. According to the requirements of space optical remote sensors with high resolution and high imaging quality, some suggestions on developing space optical remote sensors with ultra large apertures of 2—4 m, 4—10 m and some super large apertures are put forward respectively based on the current technical conditions and development trends.