本文采用有限体积法建立了1/72龙鲨Ⅱ号核潜艇的三维计算模型, 结合动参考系、用户自定义函数和物性多项式函数等实现了高速旋转螺旋桨和海水温度密度分层的仿真。基于该模型, 探讨了螺旋桨高速旋转、海水温度密度分层和高温热尾流喷射等因素对潜艇冷热尾流传热传质特性的影响, 所得结论如下: 高速旋转螺旋桨促使热尾流后向延迟距离增大、海表温差减小, 忽略旋转时海表温差的绝对误差和相对误差分别为3.23 mK和52.7%; 水下航行潜艇扰动温度密度分层海水浮升形成冷尾流温差信号, 与温度密度均匀海水相比, 海表温变区域显著增大、尾流温差由6.13 mK增大到84 mK; 通过海表上游冷尾流特征判断是否存在水下航行潜艇, 若存在, 再结合海表下游热尾流特征实现潜艇位置的精确反演。上述结论可为优化潜艇冷热尾流的数值仿真精度提供参考与借鉴。

The three-dimensional model of 1/72 LSII nuclear submarine was established using the finite volume method, and the simulation of high-speed rotating propeller and temperature-density stratified seawater were realized combining the frame motion, user defined functions and physical polynomial profile. Based on this model, the influences of factors such as high-speed rotating propeller, temperature-density stratified seawater and high-temperature thermal spray on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of submarine cold-thermal wake were discussed. The results indicate that high-speed rotating propeller induces the increase of backward delay distance of thermal wake and the decreases of sea surface temperature difference. Ignoring the rotation, absolute error and relative error of sea surface temperature difference is 3.23 mK and 52.7% respectively. Cold wake signal is formed by the rise of temperature-density stratified seawater which is disturbed by underwater navigation submarine. Compared with temperature-density uniform seawater, temperature-change area increases significantly and wake temperature difference rises from 6.13 mK to 84 mK. Existence of underwater navigation submarine can be judged by the cold wake characteristics in the upstream sea surface; if submarine exists, its position can be inversed precisely combining the thermal wake characteristics in the downstream sea surface. The above results can provide reference for optimizing the simulation accuracy of submarine cold-thermal wake.