设计了一个应用于轻小型空间相机的碳纤维框架。根据光学系统中各光学元件的空间分布特点, 通过比较选择结构性能和工艺性能优异的M40J碳纤维复合材料完成了相机框架的结构设计, 并使用TC4预埋镶嵌的方法解决了碳纤维框架接口精度低的问题。对碳纤维框架进行区域划分, 采用集成仿真与优化设计方法、遗传算法全局寻优与单纯型下山法局部寻优的组合优化策略对碳纤维框架各区域结构参数进行优化设计。经过优化, 碳纤维框架包含TC4预埋件的总质量为15.6 kg, 仅占相机整机质量的18.4%, 相机的一阶频率达104.8 Hz。最后通过力学环境试验得到相机整机一阶频率为102 Hz, 与仿真结果相符, 进一步验证了设计的合理性和正确性。文中提出的碳纤维框架方案对轻小型空间相机设计有一定的借鉴意义。文中所采用的优化方法可广泛应用于空间相机光机结构设计中, 能大幅度提高设计效率, 缩短研制周期。

In this paper, a CFC framework applied to light-small space camera was designed. Selected, through comparison, the M40J carbon fiber composite with excellent structural performance and processing property to complete structural design of the camera framework based on spatial distribution characteristics of each optical element in the optical system, and then used TC4 embedded parts to solve the problem of low interface accuracy of CFC framework; carried out regional division in the CFC framework, and then conducted parameter optimization design in each regional structure of the framework combining global optimization by integrated optimization method, optimization design method and genetic algorithm with local optimization by downhill method. After such optimization, the CFC framework was 15.6 kg, accounting for 18.4% of the entire camera, with a first-order frequency of 104.8 Hz. Finally, a mechanical environment test was conducted, obtaining a first-order frequency of the entire camera consistent with the simulation results, namely 102 Hz, which further verified the reasonability and correctness of the design. CFC framework put forward in this paper is of certain reference significance to light-small space camera design, and the optimization method adopted herein, which is widely applied to optical-mechanical structure design of space camera, can substantially improve the design efficiency and shorten the development cycle.