量子点是一种半导体纳米粒子,具有荧光量子产率高、激发光谱宽、发射光谱窄而可调、耐光漂白等独特的光学特性,在健康、食品安全、 医药卫生、环境分析等诸多领域得到了广泛应用。简述了量子点的基本特性,针对近年来量子点荧光分析在痕量小分子有机污染物检测中 的应用技术研究,从量子点标记荧光免疫吸附分析(QDs-FLISA)技术、荧光共振能量转移(FRET)技术、免疫传感器技术三个方面进行了综述。 最后,就该研究领域存在的问题和发展方向提出了看法。

Quantum dot is a kind of semiconductor nanoparticles, which has the unique optical properties of high fluorescence quantum yield, wide excitation spectrum, narrow emission spectrum, adjustable emission wavelength and anti-photobleaching. In recent years, it has been widely used in the area of health, food security, medicine, health care and environmental analysis. The basic features of quantum dots are briefly described, and the studies of small molecules trace organic pollutants analysis are reviewed based on quantum dot fluorescent technology including fluorescence linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology, and immune sensor technology. Finally, some existing problems and development direction in the field are presented.