纳米颗粒在工业和化妆品等行业中的大规模应用, 致使大量纳米颗粒进入水环境中, 不可避免的产生了一系列的环境问题, 同时对生物和人体造成不良影响, 因此水环境中纳米颗粒的富集及其检测技术受到广泛关注。 目前, 多种技术可对水环境中痕量纳米颗粒浓度等特征进行检测, 但其在灵敏度和精度方面均存在一定局限性。 归纳了目前水环境中纳米颗粒的预处理技术, 如超滤分离技术、 色谱分离技术、 固相萃取技术及浊点萃取技术; 综述常用的纳米颗粒与离子检测技术, 如光谱分析技术、 电感耦合等离子质谱技术及电化学技术。 通过对各种方法进行对比分析, 使纳米颗粒预处理及检测技术能够被系统广泛的认识。 并在此基础上对纳米颗粒的预处理及检测技术的发展前景进行了展望。

With the broad application of nanomaterials in cosmetics and other industries, the more and more nanoparticles have been released into the aquatic environment, which leads to a number of inevitable environmental issues. At the same time, they cause a negative effect on all kinds of organism including human being. Hence, the enrichment and detection technologies of nanoparticles in water have attracted more and more attention. Currently, a variety of technologies can be used to detect the concentration of trace nanoparticles, but they all have certain limitations in sensitivity and accuracy. In this paper, the pretreatment techniques such as ultrafiltration, chromatography, solid phase extraction, and cloud point extraction of nanoparticles in aquatic environment are generalized. The common detection techniques of nanoparticles, such as spectrum technology, the inductively coupled with plasma mass spectrometry and electrochemical detection techniques are summarized. Moreover, the further development prospects of pretreatment and detection technologies of nanoparticles are also discussed.