人类砷暴露可以通过空气、 饮用水和食物等途径。 运用ICP-MS方法分析了四个采样点河曲(Hequ, HQ)、 石嘴山(Shizuishan, SZS)、 中卫(Zhongwei, ZW)和临夏(Linxia, LX)的69份当地居民发样及四个黄河过滤水样的总砷含量, 探究了头发中砷水平在不同性别及年龄中的差异, 并对发样中砷与水样中砷的相关性进行了分析。 人发样品采用微波消解方法进行前处理, 消解效果良好。 结果表明, 该方法准确度及精密度良好, 回收率为90.1%～101.9%, RSD值为2.9%～4.2%。 结果显示, 该研究地区居民发样砷含量范围为0.01～1.73 μg·g-1, 平均值为0.33 μg·g-1, 不同采样点的砷含量顺序为ZW>HQ>LX>SZS。 Kruskal Wallis检验显示该文中不同采样点发样砷含量存在显著性差异(p=0.010), 说明研究地区的生活区域对居民发样砷含量具有影响, 而不同性别(p=0.158)和不同年龄(p=0.159)组居民发样砷含量无明显差异, 但男性发砷平均值含量高于女性, 不同年龄组间呈现发样砷含量随年龄增大而下降的趋势。 与文献相比, 该研究发样砷含量较高于多数地区而明显低于地方性砷中毒区域。 黄河水样中砷含量范围为2.31～10.41 μg·L-1。 与黄河下游等地区相比砷含量较高, 但未超出地表水环境Ⅲ类标准。 Pearson相关性系数表明, 水中砷元素与铅、 铜、 铬、 镉等元素均具有相关性, 与人发砷含量具有显著正相关。 总之, 采样点附近居民具有较高砷暴露风险, 且该风险可能来自于工农业排放。 研究结果为甘宁蒙等西北民族地区重金属污染研究提供实验数据和理论依据。

Human can be exposured to arsenic (As) through the air, drinking water and food and so on. In this paper, the total As concentration of 69 hair samples of local residents living in Hequ (HQ), Shizuishan (SZS), Zhongwei (ZW) and Linxia (LX) and 4 filtered water samples of Yellow River were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Differences of hair arsenic levels in different gender and age groups and the correlations of As level between hair and water were studied. Hair samples were pretreated by microwave digestion with a satisfactory result. The recoveries and RSD of the method were 90.1%～101.9% and 2.9%～4.2%, respectively. The results showed that hair As concentration ranged for 0.01～1.73 μg·g-1 with an average of 0.33 μg·g-1, followed the sequence of ZW>HQ>LX>SZS. Kruskal Wallis test showed statistical difference (p=0.010) among concentrations of As in hair from the different sampling sites, this indicated that the living area had an effect on the content of As in the residents’ hair. There was no significant difference observed among different gender (p=0.158) and age (p=0.159) groups, but relatively high level of As concentration in hair for males was observed, while the mean concentrations of different age groups showed an age-dependent decrease. Compared with the literatures, the As concentration level of hair in this study was higher than that in most areas, but obviously lower than that in the arsenic-endemic region. The As level in the water of the Yellow River ranged for 2.31～10.41 μg·L-1, which was higher than that of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, but didn’t exceed the surface water environmental quality standard. Pearson correlation coefficients showed that As concentrations in water samples had correlations with Pb, Cu, Cr and Cd and had significant positive correlation with As concentrations in hair samples. In conclusion, the residents living near the sampling sites were at relatively high risk of As exposure, which may mainly derive from industrial and agricultural emissions. This paper could provide experimental data and theoretical basis for As pollution in northwest region such as Gan-Ning-Meng area of China.