无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)蒙皮的红外辐射特性是对UAV进行探测识别的重要依据, 而UAV蒙皮的气动力加热、太阳辐射换热、地球辐射换热等是影响UAV蒙皮辐射特性的主要因素。在综合考虑了环境以及UAV自身辐射的情况下, 建立了UAV蒙皮红外辐射的计算模型, 采用向前差分法求出了UAV蒙皮的一维导热微分方程, 并在此基础上, 结合UAV蒙皮材料的发射率, 计算了在某一平面上UAV红外辐射强度的分布情况。计算结果表明: 蒙皮在8~14 μm波段处红外辐射强度远大于3~5 μm波段的红外辐射强度; 相同波段处, 蒙皮正上方的辐射强度大于正下方的辐射强度。

The skin infrared (IR) characteristics of a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is the most important basis for the detection and recognition of the UAV. And the aerodynamic heating of an UAV′skin, the heat transfer by solar radiation and earth radiation are the key factors that are contribute to the skin IR characteristic of the UAV. The skin IR characteristics calculation model of an UAV was built based on the environment′ infrared radiation and that of the UAV in this work. The one-dimensional heat conduction difference equation of the UAV skin was found out by a forward-difference method. And then, based on which, the IR radiation intensity distribution of the UAV in a certain plane was calculated by importing the skin emissivity of an UAV. Finally, it is concluded that the IR radiation intensity of an UAV at 8-14 μm band is far greater than that at 3-5 μm band. And at the same band, the radiation intensity of the top skin is higher than that of the bottom skin.