为了提高光纤光栅传感器的测量精度及可靠性，实现点式测量，拓宽光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的应用，本文提出了基于飞秒激光直写扫线技术制备超短FBG。首先，在单模光纤上制备了周期为5.35 μm、长度为53.5 μm的超短FBG，其温度和应力的灵敏度分别为0.011 nm/℃和1.509 nm/N; 然后，用体积分数为4%的氢氟酸对制备超短FBG进行选择性腐蚀，制备出了微通道超短FBG，并研究了它对NaCl溶液的传感特性，其折射率灵敏度为69.11 nm/RIU。结果表明，这种微通道超短FBG具有高重复性、高可靠性、可多参数测量等优点。

In order to improve the measurement accuracy and reliability of fiber grating sensors, realize the single-point measurement ability and broaden the application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG), an ultrashort FBG is fabricated based on the femtosecond laser direct writing technique in this paper. The ultrashort FBG with a period of 5.35 μm and a length of 53.5 μm is fabricated in single mode fiber, and its temperature sensitivity and stress sensitivity are 0.011 nm/℃ and 1.509 nm/N, respectively. Then, a microchannel ultrashort FBG based on ultrashort FBG is fabricated by selective corrosion with a volume fraction of 4% hydrofluoric acid, and its sensing property to NaCl solution is studied. The refractive index sensitivity of the microchannel ultrashort FBG is 69.11 nm/RIU. The microchannel ultrashort FBG has the advantages of high repeatability and multi-parameter measurement.