线性偏振光在显微物镜焦斑处入射, 与径向偏振光相干叠加产生三维偏振光场, 通过调节两束光光强比率和入射线偏振光偏振方向实现聚焦光场任意三维偏振方向的控制.基于矢量光场衍射理论建立了仿真计算模型, 对所提三维偏振方向控制方法的可行性进行理论验证和实验评估.构建实际控制光路并进行初步测试, 实验结果表明了该方法的可行性, 且相比于其他三维偏振控制方法, 本文所提方法和其控制光路更为简单易实现.

The coherent superposition of incoming linearly polarized light and radially polarized light can generate the three-dimensional (3D) polarization optical field at the focal spot of a high NA microscopic objective. In addition, arbitrary 3D polarization orientation of focusing optical field can be obtained by adjusting the intensity ratio between two incoming beams and rotating the polarization orientation of the incoming linearly polarized light. Based on the vectorial diffraction theory, a simulation model was developed to theoretically verify the feasibility of the proposed control method of 3D polarization, and to evaluate the 3D polarization optical field generated from this control method. After experimental test on the basis of theoretical analysis and building the practical optical setup, the feasibility of the method was confirmed. It was also disclosed that this method and the corresponding optical path is simpler and easier to implement compared with other existing 3D polarization control methods.