微结构薄膜望远镜通过表面微纳结构调制光波相位和传播方向，具有轻量化、公差容限大、易于折叠展开的特点，因此成为大口径轻量化空间光学成像技术中的颠覆性技术。本文通过对国内外微纳薄膜望远镜研究进展的调研和分析，概括了薄膜望远镜研制的关键技术和主要技术途径，重点分析了薄膜材料制备、微结构类型研究、系统光学设计理论等内容。微纳薄膜望远镜研制涉及材料、空间环境工程、微纳加工工艺、精密机械和二元光学等众多交叉学科，随着工程化程度要求的提高，会出现新的技术问题，而随着问题的解决很可能获得具有影响力的科技成果。

Microstructure membrane optics using surface microstructure on flat thin film to modulate wave can break through these limitations and become an advanced space optical imaging technology. Through the research and analysis of related technologies at home and abroad, this paper reviewed the advances of the membrane tele-scopes and focused on membrane material, microstructure type and optical system design. The implementation of membrane telescopes involves many interdisciplinary disciplines such as materials, space environment en-gineering, nanofabrication technology, precision machinery binary optics and so on.