针对空间粒子环境对X射线通信系统的影响, 分析了空间带电粒子, 尤其是高能电子与X射线通信的收发天线--多层嵌套式X射线聚焦光学相互作用产生荧光X射线的过程；使用蒙特卡洛软件MCNP仿真了电子与聚焦光学相互作用, 产生荧光X射线光子的量子效率；建立了电子枪与多层嵌套式X射线聚焦光学相互作用的数学模型并搭建相关实验平台, 使用具有高能量分辨率的硅漂移探测器实测了荧光X射线的数量和能量分布, 计算了荧光X射线光子对X射线通信系统信噪比的影响.实验与计算结果表明: 在入射电子流量为1×108 cps/cm2/s量级, 能量1~20 keV时, X射线通信系统的信噪比优于15.1 dB.多层嵌套式X聚焦光学可以有效地滤除空间电子对X射线通信的干扰, 提高信号增益.

A model of electron interacting with nested X-ray focusing optics was designed firstly. Then the process of electrons interacting with coating material of X-ray focusing optics and the quantum efficiency of X-ray source by using a Monte Carlo N Particle transport code was analysized. Simulation results accord well with the analyze results. Finally, a silicon drift detector, which has an energy resolution of 125 eV was used to analysis the energy spectrum in the focal point. In the detecting part, X-ray photons are composed of two parts, signal photons generated by the X-ray source and noisy X-ray photons generated from nested X-ray focusing optics′ coating material. According to different conditions of X-ray source and electron gun voltage, the number of signal photon, noisy photon and signal to noise ratio of the X-ray communication demonstration system then can be calculated. Experiment and calculate results show that nested X-ray focusing optics can effectively filter spatial particles, which will optimize the signal to noise ratio of X-ray communication system. When the number of incident electrons is about 1×108 counts per second with an energy distribution from 1~20 keV, signal to noise ratio of the X-ray communication demonstration system can reach at least 15.1 dB. These results will provide foundations for optimizing the core parameters of X-ray communication system in the future.