在地外太阳光谱辐照度测量和大气定量遥感等项研究的推动下, 近二、 三十年, 国际上光谱辐射计量技术发展十分迅速。 基于先进的高温技术、 优异的高温热解石墨材料和独特的设计, 全俄光学物理测量研究所(VNIIOFI)研制出温度高达3 200～3 500 K、 具有高均匀性和高稳定性的大面积普朗克高温黑体光源。 基于低温绝对辐射计的滤光片辐射计迭代测温技术, 使高温黑体温度测量不确定度小于0.5 K。 在德国物理技术研究院(PTB), 将这种高温黑体直接用于国际空间站地外太阳光谱测试仪器(SOLSPEC)的辐射定标, 定标综合不确定度小于0.5%～1%。 2008年德国物理技术研究院(PTB)建成名为计量光源(MLS)的新一代专用同步辐射存储环并投入使用。 为调节同步辐射的光谱分布, 稳态下其能量可设置为105～630 MeV任意值, 相应特征波长随之从735 nm改变至3.4 nm。 为在不改变光谱分布情况下改变光强, 电子束流可调节 11个量级, 即从 1个存储电子(相当于1 pA)到200 mA。 美国国家标准技术研究院(NIST)在同步辐射紫外辐射装置(SURF Ⅲ)3号光束线上建立了使用同步辐射的光谱辐照度定标装置(FICUS), 为紫外传递标准光源定标, 光谱范围200～400 nm, 相对测量不确定度1.2% (k=2)。 新一代同步辐射装置为地外太阳光谱辐照度测量仪器, 如SUSIM, SOLSTICE, SBUV, SIM和SOLSPEC等, 短波段高精度辐射定标奠定了技术基础。 该文描述新型高温黑体和同步辐射装置的建立与发展, 光谱辐照度和光谱辐亮度标准的传递及国际比对并评述它们在太阳光谱辐照度测量中的应用。

Under the impetus of extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance measurement and atmospheric quantitative remote sensing, spectroradiometry technology makes a rapid progress internationally in recent years. Based on the advanced high temperature technology, excellent pyrolytic graphite materials and unique designs, All-Russian Research Institute for Optical Physical Measurements (VNIIOFI) successfully developed large area Planck high temperature blackbody sources with temperature as high as 3 200~3 500 K which had the high uniform and high stable radiation characteristics. By means of filter radiometer calibrated by absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR), the new iteration temperature measurement technology of high temperature blackbodies made the temperature uncertainty less than 0.5 K. At PTB, high temperature blackbody was directly used for the calibration of solar spectral irradiance measurement instruments, SOLSPEC, on board International Space Station and the uncertainty of calibration was less than 0.5%~1%. The new generation electron storage ring Metrology Light Source (MLS) was set up at PTB in 2008. The electron energy for stable ring operation could be set to any value from 105 to 630 MeV, giving a high flexibility in adjusting the SR spectrum. Through this operation, the characteristic wavelength of the radiation emission could be shifted from 735 nm to 3.4 nm. In order to change the synchrotron light intensity without changing the spectrum, the electron beam current could be adjusted within a range of more than 11 decades, i.e. from one stored electron which was equivalent to the current of 1 pA to the design value of 200 mA. At NIST, the FICUS (Facility for Irradiance Calibration Using Synchrotron) was built on beamline 3 at SURFⅢ (Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility) using for the calibration of ultraviolet spectral irradiance transfer standard deuterium lamp. The uncertainty of the 200nm-400nm spectral irradiance was 1.2% (k=2). The new generation synchrotron radiation facilities laid the technical foundations for the high precision calibration of solar spectral irradiance measurement instruments in short wavelength such as SBUV, SUSIM, SOLSTICE, SIM and SOLSPEC. This paper described the establishment and development of the new generation high temperature blackbody and synchrotron radiation facilities, spectral radiance standard and spectral irradiance standard transfer and international comparison, and reviewed their application in solar spectral irradiance measurements.