机载偏振成像是未来遥感探测领域的重要研究方向之一。首先基于液晶双折射率效应完成了高精度液晶偏振控制器研制，并对其偏振调制精度进行标定；然后利用液晶偏振控制器搭建了高精度小型机载偏振成像系统，并基于小型固定翼无人机完成了系统的搭载飞行测试和目标识别探测试验。试验结果表明，液晶偏振控制器的Stokes偏振参数调制精度优于98%，利用液晶偏振控制器搭建的小型机载偏振成像系统可有效抑制背景干扰，提高低对比度目标的轮廓提取能力和目标识别能力。研究成果为偏振成像技术在目标侦察、环境监测、农作物普查等方面的应用提供了一种有效的技术途径。

Airborne imaging polarimeter is one of the important research techniques in the remote sensing fields. The high-precision polarization controller based on the birefringence effect of liquid crystal is developed and calibrated. Then, a miniaturized airborne imaging polarimeter (integrating liquid crystal polarization controller, optical detector, imaging memorizer, and electrical system) is built and fixed on small unmanned aerial vehicles to detect specifical targets. The experimental results show that the stability of the Stokes polarization parameter of the liquid crystal polarization controller is better than 98%, and the small airborne polarization imaging system could be used to effectively suppress the background interference and improve the contour extraction ability and target recognition ability of the low contrast targets. This study provides an effective technical approach for ex-panding the polarized imaging applications in target surveillance, environmental monitoring, crop investigating, and so on.