空间光-单模光纤耦合的关键技术是精确定位耦合光斑在光纤端面上的位置。基于光纤偏移与空间光-单模光纤耦合效率之间的关系, 研制了由二维压电陶瓷、驱动器、控制器、光电探测器及耦合透镜组成闭环控制系统, 结合模拟退火算法实现空间光-光纤的自动对准耦合。理论分析了空间激光与光纤的耦合效率并阐述了模拟退火算法原理。实验结果表明: 通过模拟退火算法可以在较短时间内实现耦合到最佳位置的自动对准定位, 耦合效率达到了51.4％, 相对于没有自动对准之前提高了6.5%。该方案切实可行, 对空间光-单模光纤的自动耦合方案的研究具有重要的意义。

The sticking point of spatial light-single-mode fiber is to find the best position in the transverse plane of fiber precisely. Based on optical fiber migration's influence on the spatial light-single-mode fiber coupling efficiency, an auto-coupling system was proposed, which mainly consisted of two-dimensional piezoceramics, driver, controller, photoelectric detector which was a closed loop control system and coupling lens. The automatic alignment coupling of the spatial light-fiber was realized by combining with simulated annealing algorithm. The coupling efficiency for free-space laser coupling into the fibers and simulated annealing algorithm were analyzed theoretically. Analysis results of experiment show that the method can make the system search the best position automatically based on the power of the light which is coupled into the single-mode fiber. The optimal coupling efficiency is about 51.4％, which can be obtained in short times by the system and it is improved by 6.5% compared with no automatic alignment before. The scheme is practical and it is of great significance for the study of the automatic coupling of spatial light-single-mode fiber.