为克服传统光电被动测距系统稳定性差、远距离条件下测距精度收敛性差、系统难以小型化等不足, 本文提出一种基于目标特征尺寸的可视化光电被动测距系统。建立了被动测距模型并分析测距原理, 从理论上分析获得距离反演公式和测距误差精度; 设计了被动测距算法并分析相关成像参数获取途径和方法; 通过高清成像器、半导体激光器和信号处理器等软硬件设计, 实现了系统的可视化被动测距功能和全天候图像信息获取; 最后通过目标特征尺寸及其成像系统参数反演目标距离, 实现了在成像过程中实时测距并进行被动测距实验验证。实验结果表明, 被动测距精度优于10%, 当前软硬件参数配置下, 目标的测距距离大于1 km, 测距鲁棒性好, 性能稳定, 可广泛应用于全天候目标图像信息获取和光电被动测距的实际工程实践中。

In order to overcome the shortage of traditional optical passive ranging system such as low stability, difficult to guarantee insufficient ranging accuracy in long-distance condition and difficult to reduce the system volume and weight, a method for visualization of optical passive ranging system based on target feature size was presented in this paper. Passive ranging model was established and ranging principle was analyzed. Theoretical analysis was carried out to obtain the distance inversion formula and the ranging error accuracy. Through hardware and software design, the visual passive ranging function of the system was achieved and the all-weather image information acquisition was realized. Finally, target distance was retrieved by the target feature size and the imaging system parameters, real-time ranging was realized during the imaging process, and the passive ranging experiment was carried out. Experimental results show that the accuracy of passive ranging is better than 10%. Under the current hardware and software configuration, the target ranging distance is greater than 1km. The method has good robustness and stable performance. It can be widely used in the practical engineering of all-weather target imaging information acquisition and photoelectric passive ranging.