冲量耦合特性研究是分析激光清除空间碎片方案的基础。因大气传输效应和衍射极限等因素的影响,激光辐照到空间碎片上的光斑尺寸与厘米级碎片尺寸通常在一个量级,且空间碎片大多由爆炸解体和碰撞等原因产生,为非平面状,因此研究激光大光斑辐照非平面状碎片的冲量耦合特性是激光清除空间碎片的关键。以典型非平面状空间碎片(球体、正方体)为例,以碎片表面任一面积微元上的烧蚀反喷方向为微元表面垂直方向、任一面积微元上的冲量耦合系数与点辐照下的相同为前提,以积分角度推导了面积矩阵法。基于该方法研究得到了在大光斑辐照下,当激光能量密度或入射激光能量一定时,光斑尺寸和激光入射角度对冲量大小和方向的影响规律。该研究成果进一步丰富了激光清除空间碎片的理论,为激光清除空间碎片的方案设计提供了一定的理论指导。

The study of the impulse coupling characteristics is the basis for analyzing the scheme of laser cleaning space debris. Due to the influences of atmospheric transmission and diffraction limit, the laser spot size is close to the size of the irradiated particles, which are in centimeter order of magnitude. Most of the space debris are non-planar because of explosion, disintegration, and collision. Therefore, it is the key of laser cleaning space debris to study the impulse coupling characteristics of non-planar debris irradiated by a great spot. Taking a typical non-planar space debris (sphere, cube) as example, assuming that direction of the ablation reversal is the vertical direction of the micro surface and the impulse coupling coefficient of any area micro element is the same as that under the point radiation, we deduce the area matrix method from integral viewpoint. We obtain the influence rule of spot size and laser incident angle on the value and direction of impulse based on the area matrix method when the laser energy density or incident laser energy is given. These theoretical research results further enrich the theoretical study of laser cleaning space debris, and provide theoretical guidance for the scheme of laser cleaning space debris.