在石化工业中,高架火炬是一种用于燃烧上游生产过程中产生的废气的重要装置。然而火炬运行时通常存在不完全燃烧现象,主要表现为以下两种形式: (1)由于热值低引起的未燃烧的可挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds, VOC)排放;(2)由于空气不足引起的黑烟排放。近年来,火炬工业领域开始尝试用光学方法对其燃烧状态进行遥测。介绍了高架火炬排放中采用的几种光学监测技术,包括被动式傅里叶变换红外(Passive Fourier Transform Infrared, PFTIR)光谱技术、中红外超光谱相机监测技术、自然光消光法(Line-Of-Sight Attenuation using Sky-light, Sky-LOSA)和双波长红外传感器监测技术,并从基本原理、应用和进展等方面对其进行了阐述。最后对光学遥测在高架火炬领域的技术发展和应用前景进行了分析。

In petrochemical industry, elevated flares are the important devices to burn off the waste gas from upstream processes. However, there often exist incomplete combustions during flare operations. These are mainly manifested as two forms: (1) unburned volatile organic compound (VOC) emission due to low heat values in the combustion zone; (2) smoke or soot emission due to insufficient air supply. In recent years, the flare industry has made an attempt to use optical methods on flares to monitor their combustion conditions. Several optical monitoring technologies including passive Fourier Transform Infrared (PFTIR) spectroscopy, mid-infrared hyper-spectral imagery, sky-light line-of-sight attenuation (sky-LOSA) and dual wavelength infrared sensor used in flare industry are presented. Their operating principles, applications and developments are discussed. Finally, the development trend and application prospect of remote optical monitors in the field of elevated flares are analyzed.