针对多线阵CCD相机应用于航空、航天等大型装备测量过程中普遍存在的视场遮挡问题, 提出一种基于正交柱面成像的单目坐标测量方法。该方法由一个正交柱面成像相机和一个光立体靶组成, 应用空间后方交会原理, 无需多相机交会即可完成测量。分析了正交柱面相机的测量原理和内参校准过程, 设计了光立体靶的结构参数和标定方法。重点研究了正交柱面相机与光立体靶之间的配合测量过程, 并推导了坐标解算的数学模型。最后在测量场距离相机 3 m的1 000 mm×1 000 mm×1 000 mm空间内, 在水平与竖直方向的距离测量精度优于0.4 mm, 深度方向的距离测量精度优于0.7 mm, 三维坐标测量误差小于0.5 mm。实验验证结果表明: 该方法有效, 可被灵活应用, 具有良好的测量精度。

To solve the line-of-sight problem when using multi-linear CCD cameras in large equipment(such as aerospace field) measuring process, a novel monocular 3D coordinate measurement method based on orthogonal cylindrical imaging was proposed. The system consisted of an orthogonal cylindrical imaging camera and an optical target. The measurement could be finished without multi-cameras intersection by using space resection. Measurement principle of orthogonal cylindrical imaging camera and intrinsic parameter calibration were analyzed. Structure parameter and calibration of optical target were designed. Measuring method with orthogonal cylindrical imaging camera and optical target was emphatically studied. Mathematical model of coordinate calculation was derived. In a 1 000 mm×1 000 mm×1 000 mm measurement volume that was 3 m away from the camera, the distance measurement accuracy of the proposed method was respectively better than 0.4 mm and 0.7 mm in the horizontal, height and depth direction. For coordinate measurement, the accuracy was better than 0.5 mm. Experimental results showed that the method was feasible and valid with good accuracy.