近年来，以激光大气传输为应用背景的光束相干合成技术被广泛研究，而关于该项技术在空间光通信中的应用研究却不多。事实上，基于光束相干合成的多孔径接收天线结构可有效缓解大气湍流影响，提高空间激光通信系统的性能。本论文简要介绍了中国科学院自适应光学重点实验室面向激光大气传输应用的激光组束传输与湍流校正技术研究近况；重点介绍关于多孔径接收空间光通信系统中的光纤相干合成研究进展，主要包括基于3 dB 光纤耦合器的相干合成和基于光纤偏振合束器的相干偏振合成两种方法，在空间光通信系统中具有极大的潜在应用。

In recent years, the coherent beam combining technique for laser transmission in atmosphere has been widely investigated, while the study of this technique’s application in space optical communications is few. In fact, the structure of multi-aperture receiving antenna based on coherent beam combining could be employed to correct the atmospheric turbulence effect and to enhance the performance of the space optical communication system. In the paper, the recent development of coherent beam transmission and control technique for laser transmission application in atmosphere is reviewed. Then, the research progress of fiber-based coherent beam combining in multi- aperture receiving space optical communication system is reported in detail, including the coherent combining based on 3-dB fiber coupler and the coherent polarization combining based on fiber polarization beam combiner, which might have great potential in space optical communication system.