微波频率测量是电子侦察中的重要内容, 随着雷达电子战的发展, 微波工作频率不断攀升, 电域的测频方案由于测量带宽的限制, 无法满足电子侦察的发展需求。利用微波光子技术实现频率测量的系统具有瞬时带宽大、低损耗、抗电磁干扰等特点, 能克服电子领域在微波频率测量中所面临的瓶颈问题。根据目前基于光子学的微波信号频率测量方案, 从瞬时频率测量、光子辅助微波信道化、多频测量、基于光子模数转换技术、光子压缩感知技术5种不同类型的测频原理展开了介绍和分析, 并对基于集成光学的微波信号频率测量技术进行了探讨。在微波信号频率测量技术的发展中, 基于光子学的测量方法具有广阔的应用前景。

Microwave frequency measurement is an important part of electronic reconnaissance. With the development of radar electronic warfare, the operating frequency of microwave increases rapidly. Conventional electronic frequency measurement schemes cannot meet the development of electronic reconnaissance due to their limitation in measurement bandwidth. Approaches of microwave frequency measurement based on photonics have the characteristics of large instantaneous bandwidth, low loss and immunity to electro-magnetic interference. According to the current frequency measurement schemes of microwave signal based on photonics, five technical approaches are introduced and discussed, including instantaneous frequency measurement, photonic-assisted microwave channelization, multi-frequency measurement, microwave frequency measurement based on photonic analog-to-digital conversion, photonic compressive sensing. Moreover, the potential of integrated optics for photonics-based microwave frequency measurement is briefly discussed. In the development of microwave frequency measurement, the photonics-based method has a broad prospect of application.