对聚合物绝缘子表面微形貌的构筑方法及其对沿面闪络性能的影响进行了研究。首先以二氧化硅微球为模板，利用化学模板法在交联聚苯乙烯(CLPS)表面实现了μm级孔穴的构筑，研究了二氧化硅微球的颗粒直径及添加量对微孔参数的影响；其次，利用激光刻蚀的方法在有机玻璃(PMMA)绝缘子表面实现了百μm级三角形凹槽阵列的构筑，探索了激光工艺参数对微槽形貌和结构的影响。通过短脉冲高压测试平台对构筑了两种不同微形貌的绝缘子进行了真空沿面闪络性能测试。结果表明：沿面闪络电压均获得了显著提升，其中表面带有合适微槽的PMMA绝缘子的闪络电压相比于未处理的绝缘子提升了将近150%；与传统的表面机械加工处理方法相比，在聚合物表面实现了从μm到数百μm量级微结构的可控构筑，并使真空沿面闪络电压获得了稳定提升。

Surface micro structure is a key influence factor on surface flashover of insulators. This paper studied the construction methods of micro-structure on polymer insulators as well as its effect on surface flashover characteristics. Firstly, taking SiO2 micro balls as template, the method of chemical templating was applied to realize the construction of micro holes on the surface of CLPS. The effect of diameters of SiO2 ball and volume of addition on the morphology was also studied. Secondly, laser micro treatment was used to construct triangular grooves in hundreds of microns on the surface of PMMA insulators and the influence of laser parameters on the morphology and structure of micro grooves was explored as well. Surface flashover test of the insulators with the aforementioned micro structure in different scales was conducted on a short-pulsed high voltage platform. The results show there was a big increase in surface hole-off voltage. Compared with the traditional surface roughness treatment by polishing, the construction of micro structure on the surface of polymer in this paper is controllable and the increase of flashover voltages is stable.