为了探究激光增材制造熔覆层残余应力分布, 减小残余应力对零件性能的影响, 采用ANSYS软件建立了单层熔覆模型, 对其温度场和应力场进行了分析, 研究了激光增材制造熔覆层截面轴向方向和水平方向残余应力的分布规律。结果表明, 残余应力主要体现在轴向方向, 且轴向方向的残余应力主要表现为拉应力, 随熔覆层深度增加拉应力先增大后降低趋势, 其最大拉应力为位置处在距离基材0.2 mm处。与现有文献实验结果一致, 验证了该模型的正确性及可靠性, 为调控或降低残余应力的工艺参数优化选择提供指导。

In order to study the residual stress distribution of laser additive manufacturing cladding layer and reduce the influence of residual stress on the performance of parts, ANSYS software was adopted to establish a single-layer model, the temperature field and stress fields were analyzed, and the distribution of residual stress in the axial and horizontal directions of the laser additive manufacturing cladding layer was investigated. The results show that the residual stress is mainly in the axial direction, and which is mainly tensile stress. As the depth of the cladding increases, the tensile stress increases first and then decreases. The maximum pull is 0.2 mm from the substrate. It is consistent with the experimental results of the existing literature, and verifies the correctness and reliability of the model, and provides guidance for the optimization and selection of process parameters to control or reduce the residual stress.