地面三维激光扫描仪在监测变形时, 需利用标靶进行多期数据的配准, 因此标靶配准的精度直接影响测量误差。为了提高配准精度, 对不同标靶布设方案进行了测量误差分析。实验分别利用25, 50, 100, 150和200 m的M1~M8靶点进行配准, 然后通过对比两期数据的目标点坐标, 得出不同标靶布设距离的测量误差, 并对实验误差进行系统分析。实验结果表明: 三维激光扫描仪标靶的最佳位置在距离扫描仪50 m左右处, 且当匹配存在角度偏差时, 在同方向上被测目标的测量误差会增大。通过不同标靶布设方案的实验研究得出标靶的最佳布设方案和注意事项, 可为实际边坡工程监测的标靶布设方案提供参考。

Deformation monitoring with terrestrial 3D laser scanner commonly uses fixed calibration targets to register point cloud data of multiple periods. Therefore, the accuracy of the target registration directly affects the measurement error. In order to improve registration accuracy, measurement errors of different calibration target layout were analyzed. First, the calibration target points (M1-M8) at different distances (25, 50, 100, 150, 200 m) are registered, and the differences in the coordinates of eight target points (T1-T8) are obtained by comparing two period data. Finally, the errors of different calibration target layout and their sources are analyzed. Experimental results show that optimal distance of calibration target should be about 50 m from the scanner, and when a matching angle deviation exists, the measurement error will increase in the same direction. In this study, the matching precisions at different distances are obtained. This, along with other important aspects detailed in the paper, can be used as a reference for calibration target layouts in practical slope engineering.