海面温度场建模与求解是海面红外仿真的前提和基础。针对海面换热复杂、海水传热迟滞等特点, 本文提出一种基于有限差分的海面红外温度场迭代建模方法。该方法在详细分析海面温度成因的基础上, 从环境温湿度入手, 对太阳辐射、大气辐射、大气传导换热、蒸发潜热等项和海水各层之间的传热计算, 建立热平衡与热传导方程, 利用有限差分方法进行建模, 仿真计算一天 24 h范围内的海水温度曲线, 并通过多次迭代计算解决了海水初始温度设定问题。实验结果表明, 本文提出的算法充分考虑了海水传热的迟滞效应, 仿真生成一天范围内的海面温度稳定曲线, 通过多次迭代解决初始温度获取困难、算法时效性不强等问题, 最后与实测温度进行对比, 结果较符合实际, 验证了算法的有效性。

Modeling and solving of the sea surface temperature field is the premise and foundation of infrared simulation of the sea surface. This paper proposes an iterative modeling method of the infrared temperature field on the sea surface based on the finite difference method considering the complex heat transfer of the sea surface and the sluggish heat transfer of seawater. This method is based on a detailed analysis of the sea surface temperature causes, initiating from the environmental temperature and humidity. Then, solar radiation, sky radiation, atmospheric heat transfer, heat transfer between the latent heat of evaporation and the heat-transfer layers of the sea are calculated. The finite difference method is used for the modeling based on the establishment of the heat balance and heat conduction equations. The water temperature curve over 24 h is simulated using iterative calculation to solve the problem of setting the initial temperature of the seawater. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm considers the hysteresis effect of water heat transfer, which simulates the sea surface temperature stability curve within the scope of the day. The difficulty of obtaining the initial temperature and the time effectiveness of the algorithm is overcome with many iterations. The temperature results are in accordance with the measured temperature in the actual situation, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.