微型节流制冷器因其快速冷却、结构简单紧凑等特性而被广泛地应用在红外探测器、超导量子干涉器件等器件的冷却当中。由于目前的仿真计算仍然存在较大的误差, 本文通过搭建实验平台, 对微型 J-T制冷器的稳态特性比如背压和稳定工作温度等进行了实验研究, 制冷工质分别为氮气及氩气。实验结果表明, 不同结构参数(比如换热器轴向长度、翅片间距)以及不同工况(比如不同的环境压力等)均会对制冷器的稳态特性产生较大影响。

Miniature Joule-Thomson(J-T) coolers have several special features such as simplified configuration, compact structure, and rapid cool-down characteristics, and therefore have been widely employed for rapid cooling of infrared detectors, cryosurgery probes, thermal cameras, and missile homing guidance systems. However, significant errors still exist in the conducted simulations of J-T coolers. Hence, the proposed study analyzes steady-state characteristics such as back pressure and the working temperature of Hampson-type heat exchangers, where the refrigerants are nitrogen and argon. The obtained experimental results show that different structural parameters such as fin spacing and axial length of a heat exchanger, and various operating conditions such as ambient pressure can significantly affect the steady-state characteristics of the JT cooler.