为了解决激光3D投影定位无法兼顾高精度、实时性、智能补偿定位的问题, 搭建了一种基于激光跟踪定位技术的智能激光3D投影系统, 并进行空间精度分析。首先, 建立激光3D投影系统数学模型; 其次对激光3D投影系统进行光学中心标定, 再利用投影承接部件基准点对部件坐标系进行标定, 从而完成智能激光3D投影系统的标定及搭建; 最后, 建立智能激光3D投影定位精度模型。仿真结果显示, 激光3D投影仪投影区域中间部分精度最佳, 由激光跟踪测量精度引起的投影承接面投影点误差小于投影仪引起的投影承接面投影点误差。实验结果显示: 在3~4 m的投影距离上, 所研制的智能激光3D投影系统的投影形状及位置准确度可以优于0.3 mm。与传统的激光投影系统相比, 该系统解决了大尺寸投影承接部件不能大量安装合作目标问题, 使工作中无需目标反射头及校准工装, 省略校准过程, 当投影系统或被测部件移动或漂移时, 智能化识别、解算、补偿相对位移量, 保证实时、精确投影至正确位置, 极大提高了投影定位系统的工作精度和定位效率。

In order to solve the problem that laser 3D projection is unable to finish tasks with high precision, real-time and intelligent compensation positioning, a new method and accuracy analysis of intelligent laser 3D projection system based on laser tracking technology was proposed. Firstly, the mathematical model of the laser 3D projection system was established. Secondly, the laser 3D projection system was calibrated, and the coordinate system of the components was calibrated by using the datum points of the projection receiving component to complete the calibration of the intelligent 3D projection system. Finally, the model of intelligent laser 3D projection accuracy was established. Results of simulation showed that the middle part of projection area of laser 3D projector had the best accuracy. The projection point error of the projection surface caused by accuracy of the laser tracking measuring equipment was much smaller than the projection point error caused by the projector. The experiments results showed that the projection shape of the intelligent laser 3D projection system developed at the projection distance of 3 meters to 4 meters position accuracy could be better than 0.3 mm. Compared with the conventional laser projector, this system solved the problem that the large-size projection receiving part is unable to install the cooperation target in a large amount and the target reflex head and calibration tool were not needed in the follow-up work. The calibration process was omitted. When the projection system or the measured components moved or drifted, the intelligent recognition, solution, compensation for the relative displacement were completed to ensure accurate real-time projection to the correct location and greatly improved the integration, projection accuracy and positioning efficiency of the projection and positioning system.