从盖革模式单光子雪崩光电二极管的光电特性出发, 分析了卫星激光测距的测距精度与激光脉冲宽度及回波强度的关系, 并利用长春站卫星激光测距系统对地球动力学卫星进行观测.结果表明, 当回波光子数为1 000左右时, 系统测距精度为10.2 mm左右, 当回波光子数为8 000时, 测距精度减小为9.4 mm左右, 表明回波强度较大时, 可提高卫星激光测距系统的测距精度; 当激光器脉宽为200 ps时, 系统测距精度为17.3 mm, 当脉宽为50 ps时, 系统的测距精度为10.0 mm, 表明卫星激光测距系统的测距精度随着脉宽变窄得到了有效提高.为进一步验证理论结果, 对Ajisai卫星进行实测, 分析了高重复频率激光测距系统对系统测距精度的影响, 结果表明采用窄脉宽高重复频率的激光测距系统, 激光测距有效回波数和标准点密度呈数量级增加, 测距精度也有一定的提高.因此, 为了改善卫星激光测距系统回波特性, 应选用脉宽窄、重复频率高、能量大的激光器作为基于盖革模式单光子雪崩光电二极管的卫星激光测距系统的激光光源.

Based on the photoelectric properties of Geiger mode single photon avalanche diode, the effect of laser pulse width and echo intensity on the satellite laser ranging system range precision is analyzed, and the geodynamics satellite is observed by the satellite laser ranging system of Changchun station. The results indicate that when the number of echo photon is about 1 000, the system ranging precision is about 10.2 mm, while the number of echo photon is about 8 000, the system ranging precision is about 9.4 mm, it shows that stronger echo intensity can improve the system ranging precision. When the laser pulse width is 200 ps, the precision of the system is 17.3 mm, while the pulse width is 50 ps, the system ranging precision is 10.0 mm, it indicates that the system range precision is effectively improved with the narrow pulse width. In order to further verify the theoretical conclusion, the Ajisai satellite is observed. The effect of high repetition frequency laser ranging system on the range precision is analyzed. It shows that by using the narrow pulse width and high repetition frequency system, the returns and data density per normal points are greatly increased and the range precision is also improved. Therefore, to improve the echo characteristics of satellite laser ranging system, the high quality laser with narrower laser pulse width, higher frequency and larger energy should be selected as a laser light source of satellite laser ranging system based on the Geiger mode single photon avalanche diode.