布里渊光纤传感通过光纤中受激布里渊散射效应实现温度和应变测量，具有空间分辨率高、传感距离长和测量精度高等特点，因此分布式布里渊光纤传感成为近年的研究热点。本文通过对长距离分布式布里渊光纤传感研究进展的调研和分析，概括了长距离布里渊传感面临的主要限制因素和解决的关键技术，重点介绍了基于时分复用、频分复用、脉冲编码、宽带频率调制和图像处理算法的长距离布里渊光纤传感技术。随着长距离布里渊光纤传感器的实际工程化，对于快速测量的需求愈发显著，这将是未来长距离布里渊光纤传感的主要研究方向。

Brillouin fiber sensing using stimulated Brillouin scattering in fibers to measure temperature and stress with the features of high-spatial resolution, long sensing range, small measurement error, etc. Therefore, Brillouin fiber sensing becomes the hotspot in recent two or three decades. Through research and analysis on the progress of long range distributed Brillouin sensing, main limitations and key techniques are generalized in this paper. Long range sensing schemes based on time division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing, pulse coding, wide-bandwidth frequency modulation and image processing methods are emphatically introduced here. With long range Brillouin sensors applied in practice, increasing demand for fast measurement emerges, which we believe will be dominant in the research of long range Brillouin fiber sensing in the future.