光纤声传感器是一种利用光纤作为传光介质或探测单元的一类声传感器，相比传统电声传感器其具有灵敏度高、频带响应宽、抗电磁干扰等优越特性，可广泛应用于**安全、工业无损检测、医疗诊断及消费电子等领域。按照声场与光的耦合方式，把光纤声传感器分为间接耦合型和直接耦合型两种，其中，间接耦合型光纤声传感器受声耦合材料频响特性限制，存在频响不平坦、带宽较窄及动态范围小等缺点；而直接耦合型光纤声传感器克服了上述的缺点，具有广阔的发展潜力。

Optical fiber acoustic sensors are a kind of acoustic sensors that use optical fibers as light-propagating media or detection units. Compared to traditional electro-acoustic sensors, it features high sensitivity, broad-band frequency response, anti-electromagnetic interference etc, thus very promising for national security, industrial non-destructive testing, medical diagnostics, consumer electronics etc. Optical fiber acoustic sensors are classified, in terms of the coupling mode between acoustic field and light, as indirect and direct coupling types. The former presents some problems such as uneven frequency response, narrower bandwidth, and smaller dynamic range due to the frequency response features of the acoustic coupling materials, while the latter has overcome these shortcomings and thus possesses broad development potential.