近年来煤基高附加值化学品提取制备的前沿科学研究发现, 黄腐酸平台化合物(FAPC) 作为一类具有特殊功效的团簇族特性组装分子集合体, 在现代农业、 生物医药及功能材料等方面有良好应用前景, 黄腐酸平台化合物制备提取基础理论及化学构成研究具有重要科学意义; 简介了黄腐酸平台化合物基于不同源物质的制备提取方法, 重点阐述了煤基物选择解离规律、 黄腐酸平台化合物特征官能团构成及自组装结构特性的光谱解析, 研究结果表明: 酸碱反应、 离子交换、 生物转化及微波等途径, 可以实现黄腐酸平台化合物选择性制备提取; 通过红外、 核磁共振、 荧光光谱、 电子与振动光谱及分子模拟等手段, 能够从不同光谱谱图特征指认对制备所得黄腐酸平台化合物分子群组分进行分子结构、 官能团、 分子链、 自组装空间构型、 基团结构及构建方式有效检测表征; 多谱图综合揭示黄腐酸平台化合物主要由羧羟基、 酚羟基、 醌基和羰基类分子构成; 选择性解离生成的活性小分子因相关分子特性取向形成自组装集体, 具备界面友好、 微纳米尺寸、 电学储能及良好生物相容性特点; 通过对比分析对黄腐酸平台化合物制备规律进行了优缺点揭示, 并对黄腐酸平台化合物未来理论研究与应用前景做了展望。

In recent years, the advanced scientific research on the extraction and preparation of high value-added coal based chemicals has found that Fulvic Acid Platform Compounds (FAPC) are a kind of cluster characteristic assembly molecular assembly with special functions in modern agriculture, biomedicine and functional materials, then it has a good application prospect. It is of great scientific significance to study the basic theory and chemical composition of the preparation of fulvic acid platform compounds. In this paper, the preparation and extraction methods of fulvic acid platform compounds based on different homologous substances were briefly introduced. The selective dissociation law of coal base compounds, the composition of functional groups of fulvic acid platform compounds and the spectral analysis of self-assembled structure characteristics were described in detail. The results showed that the selective preparation and extraction of fulvic acid platform compounds could be realized by acid-base reaction, ion exchange, biotransformation and microwave. Through the analysis of IR, NMR, fluorescence spectrum, electron and vibration spectra and molecular simulation, the molecular structure, functional groups and molecular chains of the prepared fulvic acid platform compounds were identified from different spectral characteristics. The self-assembled space configuration, group structure and construction method were effectively detected and characterized. A variety of spectra showed that the fulvic acid platform compounds were mainly composed of carboxyl, hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, quinone and carbonyl molecules. The active small molecules produced by selective dissociation form self assembling group due to their molecular orientation. They are characterized by friendly interface, micro and nano size, electrical energy storage and good biocompatibility. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the preparation of fulvic acid platform compounds are revealed through comparative analysis. Finally, future theoretical research and application prospect of fulvic acid platform compounds are prospected.