相位敏感光时域反射技术(Φ-OTDR)由于其出色的综合性能而成为目前主流的分布式光纤振动监测方法之一。文章在介绍背向瑞利散射的基础上详细分析了Φ-OTDR系统的传感机理, 并对Φ-OTDR系统的空间分辨率、动态范围和灵敏度等关键性能指标及其影响因素和提高方法进行了系统分析, 为Φ-OTDR系统实际应用时参数的选择和性能优化提供参考。在此基础上, 针对现阶段Φ-OTDR技术在海底电缆、周界防护等领域的应用进行了综述, 指出了Φ-OTDR技术存在的一些不足, 并对其发展前景进行了总结与展望。

Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) has become one of the main distributed optical fiber sensing schemes for vibration monitoring due to its excellent comprehensive performance. Based on the introduction of Rayleigh backscattering, the sensing mechanism of the Φ-OTDR system is analyzed in detail in this paper, while the key performance indexes of the spatial resolution, dynamic range and sensitivity of the Φ-OTDR system, and their influencing factors and improving methods are analyzed systematically. On this basis, the application of Φ-OTDR technology in different aspects such as submarine cable and perimeter protection is reviewed in detail. Finally, some shortcomings of Φ-OTDR technology are pointed out, while its development trends are summarized and forecasted.