超疏水表面因具有滑移减阻、防腐蚀、防摩擦等良好的性能, 获得广泛的关注。激光刻蚀超疏水表面具有可控、简单、稳定、环保等优点, 有望实现工业化生产。首先梳理了超疏水表面的理论模型与影响因素, 概述了国内外激光刻蚀超疏水表面的方法, 讨论了飞秒、皮秒和纳秒激光制备超疏水表面的优缺点,最后提出了激光刻蚀超疏水表面技术的展望。今后的研究应该坚持以降低生产成本、减少工艺步骤、提高生产效率、绿色节能环保等为基础, 着重提高表面微结构的稳定性与持久性。超疏水表面将朝着多功能化与智能化的方向发展。

Superhydrophobic surfaces have gained wide attention due to their good properties such as slip resistance, corrosion resistance, and anti-friction. Superhydrophobic surfaces etched by laser have advantages of controllability, simplicity, stability, environmental protection, etc. It is expected to achieve industrial production. Firstly, theoretical models and influencing factors of superhydrophobic surfaces are reviewed. Also, the methods of laser etching superhydrophobic surfaces at home and abroad are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of femtosecond, picosecond and nanosecond lasers for superhydrophobic surfaces are discussed. Finally, the prospect of laser etching superhydrophobic surface technology is put forward. Future research should insist on reducing the production cost, reducing the process steps, improving production efficiency, saving energy and keeping environmental protection, etc. It is important to improve the stability and durability of surface microstructure. Superhydrophobic surfaces will move towards multi-functionality and intelligence.