单像素成像旨在通过单个感光元件记录目标场景信息。由于其高灵敏度、宽谱段响应等良好的特性, 单像素成像是近年来的研究热点。通过对高维光信号的编码采集与解码重构, 单像素成像能够满足丰富的成像需求。介绍了单像素成像的研究背景, 简述了其成像原理及重构算法, 从光信息编码与解码角度系统回顾了单像素成像的研究现状和前沿技术。此外, 还讨论了单像素成像技术中存在的问题, 以及未来可能的研究方向与应用。

Single-pixel imaging aims to record the target scene information via a single element detector. For its high sensitivity and wide range of spectrum response, single-pixel imaging is attracting a lot of attentions. Based on the coded acquisition and decoded reconstruction of high dimensional optical signal, single-pixel imaging can meet the demanding requirements in some challenging cases. The research background of single-pixel imaging was firstly introduced, and its imaging principle and reconstruction algorithms were briefly described. Then, from the perspective of coding and decoding of optical information, the current researches and advanced technologies were systematically reviewed. Besides, the existing problems in single-pixel imaging, and its future extensions and potential applications were discussed.